This study assesses the impact of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) and identifies the challenges it faces. Using a descriptive methodology based on secondary data (books, journals, UN documents, online materials), the authors rely on content analysis and institutional theory. Findings show that MINUSMA has contributed to peacebuilding by enabling the return of many internally displaced persons, improving relative stability in northern Mali and reducing civilian casualties. The mission also supported the peace process culminating in the 2015 Peace and Reconciliation Agreement and assisted in organizing the 2013 and 2016 elections. However, MINUSMA is one of Africa’s most expensive peacekeeping missions (approximately USD 600 million annually) and among the deadliest due to high casualty numbers. Major challenges include authority conflicts, task allocation issues, insufficient personnel, logistical constraints and weaknesses in the implementation of peace agreements. The study recommends a full and credible implementation of the current peace agreement.

Peace, Conflict, Crisis management, Stabilisation

The article examines how the resurgence of senior military figures in the political arena of Guinea-Bissau during a tense post-election period poses a serious threat to the country’s stability. More than three months after the second round of the presidential election on 29 December 2019, the country is stuck in an institutional deadlock. The lack of political will among national actors, combined with a too weak response from the international community (especially ECOWAS), has created a window for military interference. The army—traditionally sidelined after the 2012 coup—has re-emerged as a major player, disrupting the civilian-military balance. This undermines institutions, erodes the credibility of the electoral process, and calls for improved regional and international coordination to mitigate the risks of escalation.

Governance, Election, Military activity, Crisis, Stabilisation