This study explores the development of artisanal gold mining in the G5 Sahel countries and Senegal from 2012 to 2023, examining links to insecurity, regulation, and socio-environmental dynamics. While some reports suggest jihadist groups might finance themselves through gold mining, the study finds no conclusive evidence. It calls for more research on armed groups, gold trade circuits, public health issues, environmental impacts, and child labor. The report emphasizes the lack of coherent regional regulations and the highly localized nature of existing studies. Through both thematic and country-level syntheses, it highlights the need for context-sensitive approaches to better grasp the complex interplay of actors, practices, and governance surrounding artisanal mining.

Environment, Natural ressources, Development

This multi-country study evaluates bilingual and multilingual education initiatives in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. Despite decades of political commitment and legal frameworks supporting bilingual schooling, its implementation remains limited. The use of national languages alongside French is shown to enhance learning outcomes, yet systemic barriers persist: lack of teacher training, insufficient teaching materials, and weak institutional follow-up. While promising programs like ELAN, SIRA, and Tin Tua exist, their scalability is hindered by inconsistent funding and logistical challenges. The study recommends targeted action plans, increased investment, structured governance, and context-specific teacher training to scale bilingual education. The goal is to align formal education with learners' linguistic realities and improve the quality and accessibility of education across the Sahel.

Education, Youth, Soicial sciences, Researh