Other documents that may interest you :

• Journal article / Security and human rights,

  Understanding Links Between Water Scarcity and Violent Conflicts in the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin 27/10/2025

  Summary :

  This paper conducts a sub-national scale examination of the links between water scarcity and violent conflicts across the central Sahel and Lake Chad ...

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  Country : Burkina Faso , Cameroon , Chad , Mali , Niger , Nigeria

  Organizations : Earth’s Future (AGU / Wiley)
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Journal article / Security and human rights,
Understanding Links Between Water Scarcity and Violent Conflicts in the Sahel and Lake Chad Basin 27/10/2025
Summary :
This paper conducts a sub-national scale examination of the links between water scarcity and violent conflicts across the central Sahel and Lake Chad Basin (2000-2021). Employing the water footprint concept and the Falkenmark index, the authors develop five monthly water-scarcity metrics (runoff, soil moisture, potential evapotranspiration, water consumption, demographics). The findings reveal high levels of water scarcity — especially green water scarcity (soil moisture deficit) and low Falkenmark index values (population-driven water stress) — during the dry, pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons at all locations with recorded conflicts. This indicates an indirect relationship between green water scarcity, water-stress indices and violent conflicts. The study suggests that its methodology and results could help improve water-resources management and conflict-prevention efforts in the region and beyond.
Keywords :
Governance, Security, Conflict, water
Organizations :
Earth’s Future (AGU / Wiley)
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• Journal article / Governance,

  Brothers in Arms? Vigilantism and Ambivalent State Responses in West Africa” 28/10/2025

  Summary :

  This article adopts a state-centred lens to examine how governments engage with vigilante groups within hybrid security governance in West Africa. Dra...

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  Country : Burkina Faso , Ghana , Liberia

  Organizations : African Security (Taylor & Francis)
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Journal article / Governance,
Brothers in Arms? Vigilantism and Ambivalent State Responses in West Africa” 28/10/2025
Summary :
This article adopts a state-centred lens to examine how governments engage with vigilante groups within hybrid security governance in West Africa. Drawing on Liberia, Ghana, and Burkina Faso, it shows that “ambivalence” is the norm. In Liberia, local co-operation with vigilantes supplements weak policing but triggers fears of partisan intimidation. In Ghana, the 2019 Vigilantism Act bans such groups, yet they persist through rebranding, informal party ties, and selective incorporation into state security. In Burkina Faso, the state formalized vigilantes via the Volunteers for the Defence of the Homeland (VDP), boosting counter-insurgency reach while heightening risks to civilians and social cohesion. The core claim is that regime-survival logics no less than state capacityshape whether authorities tolerate, ban, co-opt, or sponsor vigilantism. Consequently, boundaries between formal and informal security provision blur, producing mixed outcomes for public safety and state legitimacy.
Keywords :
Governance, Security, Social cohesion, Institution
Organizations :
African Security (Taylor & Francis)
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• NGO / Association report / Governance,

  Ligue Ivorienne des Droits de l’Homme and Others v. Côte d’Ivoire 24/10/2025

  Summary :

  This note reviews the September 5, 2023 judgment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’homme and Other...

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  Country : Mali , Nigeria , Ivory Coste

  Organizations : American Journal of International Law
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NGO / Association report / Governance,
Ligue Ivorienne des Droits de l’Homme and Others v. Côte d’Ivoire 24/10/2025
Summary :
This note reviews the September 5, 2023 judgment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Ligue ivoirienne des droits de l’homme and Others v. Côte d’Ivoire (App. No. 041/2016), arising from the Probo Koala toxic waste dumping in Abidjan (Trafigura). The Court found five violations by Côte d’Ivoire: right to an effective remedy, right to life, right to health, right to a satisfactory environment, and right to information. It clarifies states’ positive obligations (prevention, protection, investigation, redress), links them to the Bamako Convention and regional environmental norms, and underscores corporate responsibility under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights while holding the state primarily responsible. Remedies include establishing a victims’ compensation fund, providing medical and psychological care, and adopting legislative and institutional reforms (civil/criminal corporate liability, hazardous-waste bans, capacity building).
Keywords :
Governance, Security, Human Rights
Organizations :
American Journal of International Law
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• International agencies report / Governance,

  Financing Social Protection in Senegal 29/10/2025

  Summary :

  This OECD publication examines the financing of social protection in Senegal, focusing on social assistance, contributory schemes and the informal sec...

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  Country : Senegal

  Organizations : OECD
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International agencies report / Governance,
Financing Social Protection in Senegal 29/10/2025
Summary :
This OECD publication examines the financing of social protection in Senegal, focusing on social assistance, contributory schemes and the informal sector’s contribution. It finds that public social protection spending is very low and that fewer than one in four Senegalese benefit from a protection programme. The report explores three main funding sources: general taxation (broadening tax base, health-harmful product taxes), social contributions (narrow base and governance issues) and mobilising the informal workforce (via formalisation and contribution). It offers recommendations to expand fiscal space, improve data systems, establish more effective governance (including through the future Universal Social Protection Fund — CAPSU) and combat social contribution evasion.
Keywords :
Governance, Politique publique, Protection, Funding
Organizations :
OECD
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