Bréma Ely Dicko’s article traces the history of forced migration in Mali from the colonial era to the present. During colonization (1893–1960), forced labor, head taxes, and military conscription caused massive displacements. After independence, political repression, Tuareg rebellions, droughts, poverty, and institutional fragility intensified these movements. The 2012 security crisis marked a significant shift, leading to unprecedented internal displacements and refugee flows, further exacerbated by the 2020 and 2021 coups. Drawing on documentary research and interviews, the article highlights the complex drivers of forced migration in Mali and the limited capacity of state responses. It emphasizes the humanitarian consequences, long-term exile, and growing social tensions in a persistently unstable environment.

Politics, Political party, State, Migration, Natural ressources, Education, Gold, Soicial sciences, Researh, Knowlege production

In this interview, Dr. Yacine Diagne, a political scientist and head of the radio department at CESTI, Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, advocates for the democratization of Senegal's media landscape. She emphasizes the importance of strengthening journalist training and promoting ethical and responsible information dissemination. Dr. Diagne highlights the need to combat misinformation, especially during electoral periods, by involving media outlets, institutions, and civil society. She underscores the crucial role of media in consolidating democracy and calls for balanced regulation that respects press freedom while ensuring the quality of disseminated information.

Governance, Democracy, Medias, Disinformation

Angeline Savadogo's article explores the shifting nature of foreign policy in the Sahel, once confined to diplomatic elites but now influenced by active youth participation. Young people, educated or not, increasingly engage with geopolitics—through protests, demands for sovereignty, and symbolic actions—reflecting a politicized but often under-informed citizenry. The article highlights the institutional void: youth centers are dysfunctional, formal diplomacy remains distant, and international norms like the Vienna Convention are little known. Social media becomes the main outlet for expression. Savadogo calls for inclusive strategic thinking involving youth, scholars, and institutions. She advocates for integrating international relations into educational systems and fostering participatory diplomacy. In the Sahel’s shifting geopolitical landscape, youth are not passive observers—they are emerging actors. Without structured engagement, they risk becoming destabilizing forces instead of constructive agents of change.

Sovereignty, Governance, Youth, Democracy

The joint pastoral surveillance bulletin by Action Contre la Faim (ACF) and Vétérinaires Sans Frontières Belgium (VSF-B) for February–March 2025 reports an overall satisfactory pastoral situation in Niger. Pastures remain widely available, surface water is sufficient, and markets are accessible. However, livestock body condition has slightly declined and suspected cases of animal diseases persist, though less than in previous periods. Prices of livestock and cereals have decreased, leading to a mild deterioration in terms of trade for herders. Incidents of bushfires, livestock thefts, and inter-community conflicts have also declined. The report recommends increased vaccination, awareness campaigns on transhumance, and better youth engagement to sustainably manage pastoral resources. Efforts should focus on improving disease surveillance, supporting pastoral markets, and sharing strategic information across communities.

State, Boundary, Livestock, Natural ressources, Security, Justice, Education, Gold, Information, Marché

From November 29 to 30, 2023, the Peace and Security Centre of Competence Sub-Saharan Africa of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) organized a regional workshop in Dakar focusing on crises in West Africa. Gathering academics, researchers, and civil society actors from eight countries, discussions addressed democratic, security, and institutional challenges in the region. Participants highlighted the negative impact of crises on political stability, governance, and regional integration, particularly within ECOWAS. The workshop emphasized the need to rethink democratic models, considering local contexts and the aspirations of populations. Recommendations were made to strengthen the rule of law, promote inclusive governance, and revitalize regional cooperation to build more resilient and legitimate institutions.

Governance, Democracy, Crisis, Regional integration

In this WATHI-published op-ed, El-Ghassim Wane reflects on Africa’s potential contributions to the upcoming 8th UN Peacekeeping Ministerial Conference in Berlin (May 2025). He highlights the continent’s direct experience with peacekeeping and draws out three core insights: (1) peacekeeping is an effective, sovereignty-enhancing, and life-saving tool; (2) the UN and African Union must further strengthen their complementary roles; (3) peacekeeping embodies multilateralism. Wane advocates for a deeper AU-UN partnership, greater African ownership of peace operations, and a rebalancing between prevention, mediation, and military engagement. He also urges increased investment in structural prevention—especially governance and human rights—by combining the AU’s normative frameworks and the UN’s technical capacities. The Berlin conference represents a critical moment for Africa to assert its voice within the global multilateral system.

Governance, Peace, Conflict, Crisis management, International cooperation

The article analyzes the escalating tensions between Mali and Algeria, highlighted by the March 31, 2025 incident where a Malian drone was shot down by the Algerian army in Tinzawatene. This border area, historically sensitive, has become a focal point of strategic rivalries, especially following the withdrawal of MINUSMA and Mali's recapture of Kidal. Mali has reclassified former rebel groups, once partners in the Algiers Accord, as terrorist organizations, signaling a break in the peace process. Algeria, mediator of the accord, views these actions as a marginalization of its role and a threat to its security, particularly as Russia expands its influence in Mali. Tinzawatene thus symbolizes a new diplomatic and security fracture, challenging regional balances and cross-border cooperation.

Governance, Boundary, Security, Crisis management, Diplomacy, International cooperation

Since April 15, 2023, Sudan has been engulfed in a civil war between the national army, led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemetti). While Sudanese women are often portrayed solely as victims—especially of sexual violence systematically used as a weapon of war—the article advocates for a broader acknowledgment of their multifaceted roles. Many women have taken up arms or become activists advocating for justice and peace. The dominant narrative that confines them to victimhood silences their agency and reinforces their political marginalization. Yet, their participation in rebuilding Sudan is critical. The article calls for a deconstruction of reductive gendered perceptions in conflict to ensure women’s inclusion in peacebuilding and governance.

Politics, Governance, Conflict, Women, Violence, Discrimination, Marginalisation, Food insecurity

In this interview published by WATHI, Cameroonian lawyer and executive director of Internet Sans Frontières, Julie Owono, discusses the phenomenon of "infodemic" in Africa, marked by the rapid spread of misinformation and hate speech on social media platforms. She emphasizes that while these platforms mirror existing societal dysfunctions, their technical capabilities significantly amplify negative impacts by enabling instant, widespread dissemination of information. Owono highlights the legal gaps in many African countries regarding the regulation of social media and stresses the importance of enhancing digital sovereignty. She advocates for the positive use of social networks to promote constructive values and support communities. Finally, she calls for a balanced approach that combines regulation with the preservation of fundamental freedoms in cyberspace.

Sovereignty, Governance, Numérique, Réseaux sociaux, Infodemic