Other documents that may interest you :

• Academic analysis and Think Tank / Security and human rights,

  Ten Security Trends in Africa in 2025 in Graphics 13/01/2026

  Summary :

  The article examines ten key trends that shaped Africa’s security landscape in 2025, using graphical and comparative data. It highlights the growing r...

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  Country : Burkina Faso , Mali , Niger , Nigeria , Benin , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau

  Organizations : Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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Academic analysis and Think Tank / Security and human rights,
Ten Security Trends in Africa in 2025 in Graphics 13/01/2026
Summary :
The article examines ten key trends that shaped Africa’s security landscape in 2025, using graphical and comparative data. It highlights the growing regionalization of conflicts, particularly the fragmentation of Sudan, which has become the world’s largest humanitarian crisis. The Sahel remains the deadliest region for Islamist militant violence, with security conditions worsening significantly in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger following military coups. Political instability is closely linked to democratic backsliding, increasing impunity, and abuses of power. The article also emphasizes intensifying geopolitical competition, notably the expanding security and economic presence of China, Russia, and Gulf states across the continent. Technological changes, especially the widespread use of drones, are transforming the nature of warfare and increasing risks to civilians. Despite these challenges, the article notes partial but meaningful progress toward the African Union’s Agenda 2063, particularly in infrastructure development, regional connectivity, and continental economic integration.
Keywords :
Political party, State, Natural ressources, Security, Conflict, Political Violence, Gold, Human security, Violence, Threat
Organizations :
Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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• Academic analysis and Think Tank / Governance, Security and human rights,

  In Mali, the catastrophe is accelerating under the junta regime 09/12/2025

  Summary :

  The report demonstrates a sharp deterioration of Mali’s security situation since the military junta seized power in 2020. Violence by militant Islamis...

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  Country : Burkina Faso , Mali , Mauritania , Niger , Senegal , Benin , Ivory Coste , Togo , Guinea

  Organizations : Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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Academic analysis and Think Tank / Governance, Security and human rights,
In Mali, the catastrophe is accelerating under the junta regime 09/12/2025
Summary :
The report demonstrates a sharp deterioration of Mali’s security situation since the military junta seized power in 2020. Violence by militant Islamist groups has surged and now covers every region, including areas close to Bamako. Maps throughout the report (pp. 1–4) show the rapid geographic expansion of attacks. In 2023, Mali is on track to exceed 1,000 violent events, nearly triple the level recorded when the junta took power. Focused on consolidating its rule, the junta alienated regional and international security partners and demanded the withdrawal of the 15,000-strong UN mission (MINUSMA), pushing northern Mali to the brink of renewed civil war. The arrival of Russia-linked Wagner forces has worsened abuses, with more than 320 human rights violations documented. In the center and south, FLM, JNIM, and ISGS have strengthened their operations. State authority is collapsing as civilians face escalating attacks, instability, and governance breakdown.
Keywords :
Political party, State, Natural ressources, Security, Justice, Political Violence, Gold, Human security, Violence, Threat
Organizations :
Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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• State-national agency report / Governance, Security and human rights, Resilience,

  Civil Society in Democratic Transition in Mali: Resilience, Relay, or Readaptation? 24/02/2026

  Summary :

  This article analyzes the evolution of Malian civil society within the political transition initiated in 2020. Amid profound institutional reforms, th...

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  Country : Mali

  Organizations : AFD, IRD, ICE
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State-national agency report / Governance, Security and human rights, Resilience,
Civil Society in Democratic Transition in Mali: Resilience, Relay, or Readaptation? 24/02/2026
Summary :
This article analyzes the evolution of Malian civil society within the political transition initiated in 2020. Amid profound institutional reforms, the dissolution of political parties in 2025, and a perceived shrinking of civic space, civil society faces a strategic turning point. The study provides a typological mapping of actors (human rights organizations, youth movements, women’s associations, trade unions, religious organizations, think tanks, and diaspora groups) and examines their contribution to state refoundation reforms. It highlights tensions between collaboration and autonomy, support for transitional authorities and counter-power functions. The article also emphasizes major structural challenges: dependency on external funding, organizational weaknesses, internal fragmentation, and political ambiguities. Despite these constraints, civil society remains a key actor in social cohesion and civic participation. The analysis concludes that its future will depend on its adaptability, financial resilience, and ability to clarify its democratic positioning.
Keywords :
Politics, Political party, State, Natural ressources, Security, Justice, Education, Gold, Social, Civil Society
Organizations :
AFD, IRD, ICE
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• Academic analysis and Think Tank / Governance,

  China’s Strategy on Critical Minerals in Africa 13/01/2026

  Summary :

  The article examines China’s strategy to dominate Africa’s critical minerals sector, which is vital for defense technologies, energy transition, elect...

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  Country : Mali , Nigeria , Guinea

  Organizations : Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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Academic analysis and Think Tank / Governance,
China’s Strategy on Critical Minerals in Africa 13/01/2026
Summary :
The article examines China’s strategy to dominate Africa’s critical minerals sector, which is vital for defense technologies, energy transition, electric vehicles, and artificial intelligence. Through long-term investments, China now controls more than half of global critical mineral production and about 87% of global refining capacity. In Africa, this dominance is built on the acquisition of strategic mines, control of key infrastructure—ports, railways, and energy—through the Belt and Road Initiative, and resource-backed financing agreements. This vertically integrated approach constrains African countries’ ability to move up the value chain and deepens their economic dependence. The article also highlights the environmental, social, and political risks linked to Chinese mining practices, illustrated by major pollution scandals in several African countries. In response, some African governments are pursuing greater mineral sovereignty through export restrictions, regional industrial zones, and local processing policies, aiming to capture more value from their natural resources and reduce structural dependency.
Keywords :
Politics, Political party, State, Sovereignty, Natural ressources, Justice, Gold, Influence, Private sector, Civil Society, Information
Organizations :
Africa Center for Strategic Studies (ACSS)
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